Abdullah Al Imtiaz
Dept. of CSE, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
In recent years, the telecommunications scenario has undergone a significant transformation with the advent of fifth-generation (5G) technology. This evolution required the exploitation of innovative materials and design approaches to improve the performance of antenna systems, addressing critical security concerns. Vanguard solutions include metamaterials, substances designed with unique properties that allow the manipulation of unprecedented electromagnetic waves. Metamaterials are structured at smaller scales than the wavelength of the manipulating electromagnetic waves, allowing them to display new features that are not usually found in natural materials. Their ability to control wave propagation, including absorption, reflection, and transmission, makes them particularly relevant for 5G applications, where efficiency and safety are fundamental. As users become increasingly dependent on mobile devices for connectivity, the implications of the specific absorption rate (SAR) – a measure of the rate at which the body absorbs RF energy – are critically important. Higher levels of SAR can pose potential health risks, highlighting the need for projects that mitigate exposure, maintaining the ideal performance of the antenna.